MEDLINE®/PubMed® Language Table
This table provides the language codes (and translations) used by MEDLINE/PubMed (including OLDMEDLINE). Language codes and translations are taken from the MARC Code List for Languages prepared by the Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office.
| Language Abbreviation | Language |
|---|---|
| afr | Afrikaans |
| alb | Albanian |
| amh | Amharic |
| ara | Arabic |
| arm | Armenian |
| aze** | Azerbaijani |
| bos | Bosnian |
| bul | Bulgarian |
| cat | Catalan |
| chi | Chinese |
| cze | Czech |
| dan | Danish |
| dut | Dutch |
| eng | English |
| epo | Esperanto |
| est | Estonian |
| fin | Finnish |
| fre | French |
| geo | Georgian |
| ger | German |
| gla | Scottish Gaelic |
| gre | Greek, Modern |
| heb | Hebrew |
| hin |
Hindi |
| hrv | Croatian |
| hun | Hungarian |
| ice | Icelandic |
| ind | Indonesian |
| ita | Italian |
| jpn | Japanese |
| kin | Kinyarwanda |
| kor | Korean |
| lat | Latin |
| lav | Latvian |
| lit | Lithuanian |
| mac | Macedonian |
| mal** | Malayalam |
| mao | Maori |
| may | Malay |
| mul | Multiple languages |
| nor | Norwegian |
| per | Persian, Iranian |
| pol | Polish |
| por | Portuguese |
| pus** | Pushto |
| rum | Romanian, Rumanian, Moldovan |
| rus | Russian |
| san | Sanskrit |
| slo | Slovak |
| slv | Slovenian |
| spa | Spanish |
| srp | Serbian |
| swe | Swedish |
| tha | Thai |
| tur | Turkish |
| ukr | Ukrainian |
| und | Undetermined |
| vie | Vietnamese |
| wel | Welsh |
* Does not occur on any distributed citations yet.
** jsubsetom only (i.e., citations created from printed indexes from 1965 or earlier.)
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Last Reviewed: March 27, 2023