Albinus, Bernhard Siegfried. Tabulae sceleti et musculorum corporis humani. (Londini : Typis H. Woodfall, impensis Johannis et Pauli Knapton, 1749).
Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (i.e. Weiss) was born in Frankfurt an der Oder on February 24, 1697, the son of the physician Bernhard Albinus (1653–1721). He studied in Leyden with such notable medical men as Herman Boerhaave, Johann Jacob Rau, and Govard Bidloo and received further training in Paris. He returned to Leyden in 1721 to teach surgery and anatomy and soon became one of the most well-known anatomists of the eighteenth century. He was especially famous for his studies of bones and muscles and his attempts at improving the accuracy of anatomical illustration. Among his publications were Historia muscolorum hominis (Leyden, 1734), Icones ossium foetus humani (Leyden, 1737), and new editions of the works of Bartholomeo Eustachio and Andreas Vesalius. Bernhard Siegfried Albinus died in Leyden on September 9, 1770.
Bernhard Siegfried Albinus is perhaps best known for his monumental Tabulae sceleti et musculorum corporis humani, which was published in Leyden in 1747, largely at his own expense. The artist and engraver with whom Albinus did nearly all of his work was Jan Wandelaar (1690–1759). In an attempt to increase the scientific accuracy of anatomical illustration, Albinus and Wandelaar devised a new technique of placing nets with square webbing at specified intervals between the artist and the anatomical specimen and copying the images using the grid patterns. Tabulae was highly criticized by such engravers as Petrus Camper, especially for the whimsical backgrounds added to many of the pieces by Wandelaar, but Albinus staunchly defended Wandelaar and his work.
Several important plates are missing from NLM’s copy of the first Leyden edition of 1747, so scans were performed from the London 1749 edition instead. The plates were newly engraved for this edition by Charles Grignion (1717–1810), Jean-Baptiste Scotin (b. 1678), Ludovico-Antonio Ravenet (fl. 1751), and Louis-Pierre Boitard (fl. 1750).
An English translation of the text of Tabulae was published in London in 1749 under the title, Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body.
Further Reading:
Albinus, B. S. Albinus on anatomy, with 80 original Albinus plates. Ed. by Robert Beverly Hale and Terence Coyle. (New York: Dover Publications, 1988).
Choulant, L. History and bibliography of anatomic illustration. Trans. and annotated by Mortimer Frank. (New York: Hafner, 1962). Pp.276-283.
Ferguson, J. P. “The skeleton and the rhinoceros.” Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 1989 Apr; 19(2): 231-2.
Huisman, T. “Squares and diopters: the drawing system of a famous anatomical atlas.” Tractrix. 1992; (4): 1-11.
Morton's Medical Bibliography (Garrison and Morton). Ed. By Jeremy Norman. 5th ed. (Aldershot, Hants.: Scolar Press ; Brookfield, Vt., USA : Gower Pub. Co., 1991). No. 399.
Punt, H. Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697–1770), On “human nature” : anatomical and physiological ideas in eighteenth century Leiden. (Amsterdam : B. M. Israël, 1983).
Russell, K. F. British anatomy, 1525–1800: a bibliography of works published in Britain, America and on the Continent. 2nd ed. (Winchester, Hampshire: St. Paul's Bibliographies, 1987). Introduction and nos. 5-8.